Recap

What are the values of subculture?

• Conformity and rebellion
• Attitude to Capitalism and Consumerism
• "Tribal" rivalry
• Traditional or "neophile"

Teenagers will often move between subcultures, and older youths mix and match styles/values from a mix of subcultures

Adults can appear to conform for most of the working week, but can re-enter the subculture at specific times e.g. Weekends, festivals, etc

"There are many streams" - Mainstream is in perpetual flux, rapaciously absorbing alternative culture at such as fast rate that the notion of mainstream becomes obsolete

Richard Dyer "Star Theory"

• Stars represent shared cultural values and attitudes, and will promote a certain ideology
• Fans who agree with that set of values will support the Star
• Fans will imitate Stars in an aspirational effort to get "closer" to the glamourous, fantasy lifestyle they appear to have - This may take the form of "dressing up", imitating performances, adopting behaviour, etc

The Pop Music Industry does not create long-lasting subcultures - It struggles to keep up with Youth values and groups

Subcultures in the Music Industry are created by the practitioners 

Real dichotomy between film and music

"Teens will often being to more than one culture, that they will move from culture to culture in time and over time, and that they will even 'mix and match' these styles from time to time. But let us also note

that this is not the Post-Modernist's pastiche. There are basic types of teen. They remain coherent and habitable, with characteristic values, practises and styles." - Grant McCracken